What does this mean for employers? As hoped, the decision provides some measure of relief to employers, but requires employers to remain diligent about policies, practices and documentation to protect themselves from prospective employee claims. This is really in line with a growing number of federal court decisions on this issue, the Supreme Court noted that "an employer must relieve the employee of all duty for the designated period, but need not ensure that the employee does no work" in the thirty-minute span of time allotted for a meal break. This means that an employer must provide, but need not enforce, a timely meal period to its employees.
The obligation to "provide" the meal period is satisfied if the employee is relieved of all work duties for a period of at least thirty minutes and is free to leave the workplace. Once the employer has "relieved the employee of all work duties," the employee may choose to use the meal period for any purpose he/she may choose, including to perform work-related tasks.
This decision, however, does not relieve an employer of the duty to pay wages (either straight time or overtime) to employees who personally elect to work through their meal periods if the employer "knows or reasonably should have known" that such work was occurring. Instead, it merely relieves the employer of having to pay the one-hour penalty if the employee chooses to work during the meal period. Presumably, this also means that the employee could voluntarily choose to skip or shorten his meal period without resulting penalties to the employer.
The first thirty-minute meal period still must be provided to the employee after no more than five hours of work. After no more than ten hours of work, the employer must provide a second thirty-minute meal period. The Court clarified, however, that there is no "rolling" five hour period; in other words, once the first meal period has been taken by the employee, there is no obligation to provide a second meal period until the employee has worked ten hours (even if the employee has worked more than five consecutive hours after the first meal period). This means that if an employee working an eight hour shift takes an early meal period during the second hour of work, then returns for another six hours of work, there is no obligation to provide a second meal period during that six-hour stretch.
What’s the rumbling around the water cooler? What does it mean to provide a meal period? Judging by the Brinker decision, any pressure by the employer upon an employee to perform job duties during a meal break or to skip or shorten a meal break will be viewed as a violation. So the trick will be how to ensure no perceived pressure is felt and stay away from scheduling policy that make it difficult to take meal periods. Yes that means, informal (or formal) pressure, ridicule or reprimand toward employees who do not perform any work during their meal breaks, or other methods of incentivizing or encouraging the skipping or shortening of meal breaks.
Ultimately, the decision does nothing to prevent employees from claiming that the meal period was not "provided" to them, and the one-hour meal period penalty remains in place for meal period violations. Despite the good news for employers found in Brinker, employers must remain vigilant to protect themselves from meal period claims.
Employers and employees also will appreciate the additional flexibility implied by the Court's decision. However, notwithstanding the hype leading up to the Court's ruling, the Brinker decision boils down to "keep doing what you've been doing" for most employers.
So how can employers protect themselves? The following certainly will help:
- When possible, work with employment counsel to implement clear written policies (with employee acknowledgements) informing employees that they are entitled and expected to take an unpaid thirty-minute meal period after no more than five hours of work, and a second unpaid thirty-minute meal period after no more than ten hours of work. Note their right to complain (without fear of retaliation) about any pressure exerted upon them not to take such meal periods.
- Require employees to record the time taken for meal breaks to demonstrate that they did so (or knew that they could do so but chose not to on any given day) and to record any time worked during the pay period so that they can be paid applicable straight time or overtime rates for their work.
- Update handbooks to clarify policies regarding rest periods. Make sure your rest period policy does not reference a ten-minute rest period "during every four hours of work."
- Discipline employees who violate company meal and rest break policies (including supervisors who discourage employees from taking their breaks).
Employers would be wise to review and update their meal and rest period policies and time card certifications too, to ensure the utmost flexibility for employers while maintaining compliance with the new ruling.
If you have questions about human resources or need consulting in the area of human resources, please contact me, Rosandra Esquivel, at rosandra@thehrfirm.com
If you have questions about human resources or need consulting in the area of human resources, please contact me, Rosandra Esquivel, at rosandra@thehrfirm.com
